Dosis Índice Dosis máxima tolerada Radiología Referencias Enlaces externos Menú de navegación«Dosis máxima tolerada»«Dosis máxima tolerada»Instituto Nacional de Toxicología. Servicio de Información Toxicológica. EspañaUnidosis

FarmacodinámicaToxicología


farmacologíaprincipio activomedicamentopresentaciónadministrarácantidad de fármaco efectivasobredosisdosis letaldosis unitariaensayos clínicosRadiologíaProtección Radiológicaradiación




En farmacología se entiende por dosis la cantidad de principio activo de un medicamento, expresado en unidades de volumen o peso por unidad de toma en función de la presentación, que se administrará de una vez. También es la cantidad de fármaco efectiva. La sobredosis es la toma por encima de la dosis máxima tolerada. En su extremo, puede ser una dosis letal. Los medicamentos se pueden presentar en forma de multidosis o unidosis. En la unidosis o dosis unitaria, cada unidad de medicamento es una toma y viene identificada con su lote y caducidad. A nivel hospitalario se emplea cada vez más la unidosis por ser más cómoda y evitar errores en la toma.



Véase también: Posología



Índice





  • 1 Dosis máxima tolerada


  • 2 Radiología


  • 3 Referencias


  • 4 Enlaces externos




Dosis máxima tolerada


Se denomina dosis máxima tolerada, MTD, por sus siglas en inglés —Maximum Tolerated Dose— a la dosis más elevada de un medicamento o tratamiento que un paciente puede recibir sin causarle efectos secundarios inaceptables,[1]​ tales como muerte o disfunción celular u orgánica o efectos que disminuyen la esperanza de vida o un retraso superior al 10 % del peso corporal respecto a los sujetos de control.[2]​ Se suele determinar durante los ensayos clínicos, Mediante el procedimiento de aumentar las dosis gradualmente hasta que se encuentra la dosis más alta con efectos secundarios tolerables.



Radiología


En Radiología y Protección Radiológica, se utiliza el término dosis para la cantidad de radiación recibida por material, y más típicamente, por un ser vivo. Dependiendo del objetivo de la medida, se definen diversas magnitudes:


  • Dosis absorbida

  • Dosis equivalente

  • Dosis efectiva


Referencias



  1. ↑ «Dosis máxima tolerada». Diccionario de cáncer. Instituto nacional del cáncer. Consultado el 4 de marzo de 2013. 


  2. ↑ «Dosis máxima tolerada». Salud y Riesgos.com. Consultado el 4 de marzo de 2013. 



Enlaces externos



  • Instituto Nacional de Toxicología. Servicio de Información Toxicológica. España.


  • Unidosis.


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