Uploading code to arduino gives me the error: “avrdude: ser_open(): can't open device ”/dev/ttyACM0“: Permission denied”No connection between Ubuntu 18.04 and ArduinoHow to install latest Arduino IDE?"fatal error: fstream: No such file or directory: when uploading code to Arduino/dev/ttyACM0 : Permission denied errorI have installed Arduino IDE on Ubuntu 16.04 and ran it. I wrote this simple code and have following errorArduino over /dev/ttyACM0 recognized but on group tty instead dialout. IDE fails to open the serial consoleVSCode installed with Anaconda on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS does not open, permission denied errorNo ttyACM0 for Arduino Nano on Ubuntu. How can I attach it?Permission denied to non-root user for USB deviceCan't open arduino IdeCan't set Permission to Arduino IDEArduino problem with uploading program to Arduino Uno WiFi through USB
Is it appropriate to ask a former professor to order a book for me through an inter-library loan?
Are small insurances worth it?
What is the purpose of a disclaimer like "this is not legal advice"?
What should I do when a paper is published similar to my PhD thesis without citation?
Short scifi story where reproductive organs are converted to produce "materials", pregnant protagonist is "found fit" to be a mother
Is divide-by-zero a security vulnerability?
Are these two graphs isomorphic? Why/Why not?
Traveling to heavily polluted city, what practical measures can I take to minimize impact?
Why is there an extra space when I type "ls" on the Desktop?
How to educate team mate to take screenshots for bugs with out unwanted stuff
If sound is a longitudinal wave, why can we hear it if our ears aren't aligned with the propagation direction?
How to copy the rest of lines of a file to another file
Do black holes violate the conservation of mass?
Does the US political system, in principle, allow for a no-party system?
I can't die. Who am I?
How to install round brake pads
What sort of fish is this
What would be the most expensive material to an intergalactic society?
Leveling the sagging side of the home
School performs periodic password audits. Is my password compromised?
Would those living in a "perfect society" not understand satire
Under what conditions can the right to remain silent be revoked in the USA?
Why do phishing e-mails use faked e-mail addresses instead of the real one?
Difference between `nmap local-IP-address` and `nmap localhost`
Uploading code to arduino gives me the error: “avrdude: ser_open(): can't open device ”/dev/ttyACM0“: Permission denied”
No connection between Ubuntu 18.04 and ArduinoHow to install latest Arduino IDE?"fatal error: fstream: No such file or directory: when uploading code to Arduino/dev/ttyACM0 : Permission denied errorI have installed Arduino IDE on Ubuntu 16.04 and ran it. I wrote this simple code and have following errorArduino over /dev/ttyACM0 recognized but on group tty instead dialout. IDE fails to open the serial consoleVSCode installed with Anaconda on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS does not open, permission denied errorNo ttyACM0 for Arduino Nano on Ubuntu. How can I attach it?Permission denied to non-root user for USB deviceCan't open arduino IdeCan't set Permission to Arduino IDEArduino problem with uploading program to Arduino Uno WiFi through USB
My OS is Ubuntu 18.04 and arduino was working until now.
Although there are a few solutions, none of them seems to work for me.
I followed these instructions on the arduino website.
Then I tried this on arduino Stack Exchange, which should work in cases where the first solution didn't. The answer says we should create a few rules on /etc/udev/ruled.d/
path.
But none of them worked for me.
I also tested arduino in Windows 10 to see if it was a hardware problem, but it worked fine.
Does anyone have any other ideas on how to solve this issue?
UPDATE:
- My username, sergio, is part of both groups (tty and dialout);
- I logged out and back in as arduino official tutorial explains;
- In Arduino IDE, the configurations are correct: Arduino UNO and ttyACM0
This is the output of
ll /dev/ttyACM0
after running the tutorial commands:crw-rw-rw- 1 root dialout 166, 0 Jul 15 05:41 /dev/ttyACM0
18.04 arduino
|
show 2 more comments
My OS is Ubuntu 18.04 and arduino was working until now.
Although there are a few solutions, none of them seems to work for me.
I followed these instructions on the arduino website.
Then I tried this on arduino Stack Exchange, which should work in cases where the first solution didn't. The answer says we should create a few rules on /etc/udev/ruled.d/
path.
But none of them worked for me.
I also tested arduino in Windows 10 to see if it was a hardware problem, but it worked fine.
Does anyone have any other ideas on how to solve this issue?
UPDATE:
- My username, sergio, is part of both groups (tty and dialout);
- I logged out and back in as arduino official tutorial explains;
- In Arduino IDE, the configurations are correct: Arduino UNO and ttyACM0
This is the output of
ll /dev/ttyACM0
after running the tutorial commands:crw-rw-rw- 1 root dialout 166, 0 Jul 15 05:41 /dev/ttyACM0
18.04 arduino
5
Possible duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? Did you forgot to logout and login again after runningusermod
?
– N0rbert
Jul 15 '18 at 12:51
Nope. First I tried to log out and in. Then I tried to restart my notebook. Nothing seems to work...
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:54
crw-rw-rw- 1 root dialout 166, 0 Jul 15 05:41 /dev/ttyACM0 Login: sergio Name: Sérgio Mafra Directory: /home/sergio Shell: /bin/bash On since Sun Jul 15 08:26 (-03) on :0 from :0 (messages off) No mail. No Plan.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:59
dialout:x:20:sergio. When I tried to run the second command, bash returned to me No such file or directory
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 13:15
2
@N0rbert I don't think that this question should be closed as a duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? because the accepted answer to this question is more specific to the question that was asked.
– karel
Jul 17 '18 at 13:12
|
show 2 more comments
My OS is Ubuntu 18.04 and arduino was working until now.
Although there are a few solutions, none of them seems to work for me.
I followed these instructions on the arduino website.
Then I tried this on arduino Stack Exchange, which should work in cases where the first solution didn't. The answer says we should create a few rules on /etc/udev/ruled.d/
path.
But none of them worked for me.
I also tested arduino in Windows 10 to see if it was a hardware problem, but it worked fine.
Does anyone have any other ideas on how to solve this issue?
UPDATE:
- My username, sergio, is part of both groups (tty and dialout);
- I logged out and back in as arduino official tutorial explains;
- In Arduino IDE, the configurations are correct: Arduino UNO and ttyACM0
This is the output of
ll /dev/ttyACM0
after running the tutorial commands:crw-rw-rw- 1 root dialout 166, 0 Jul 15 05:41 /dev/ttyACM0
18.04 arduino
My OS is Ubuntu 18.04 and arduino was working until now.
Although there are a few solutions, none of them seems to work for me.
I followed these instructions on the arduino website.
Then I tried this on arduino Stack Exchange, which should work in cases where the first solution didn't. The answer says we should create a few rules on /etc/udev/ruled.d/
path.
But none of them worked for me.
I also tested arduino in Windows 10 to see if it was a hardware problem, but it worked fine.
Does anyone have any other ideas on how to solve this issue?
UPDATE:
- My username, sergio, is part of both groups (tty and dialout);
- I logged out and back in as arduino official tutorial explains;
- In Arduino IDE, the configurations are correct: Arduino UNO and ttyACM0
This is the output of
ll /dev/ttyACM0
after running the tutorial commands:crw-rw-rw- 1 root dialout 166, 0 Jul 15 05:41 /dev/ttyACM0
18.04 arduino
18.04 arduino
edited Jul 16 '18 at 15:57
Zanna
51k13137241
51k13137241
asked Jul 15 '18 at 12:11
Sérgio MafraSérgio Mafra
74110
74110
5
Possible duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? Did you forgot to logout and login again after runningusermod
?
– N0rbert
Jul 15 '18 at 12:51
Nope. First I tried to log out and in. Then I tried to restart my notebook. Nothing seems to work...
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:54
crw-rw-rw- 1 root dialout 166, 0 Jul 15 05:41 /dev/ttyACM0 Login: sergio Name: Sérgio Mafra Directory: /home/sergio Shell: /bin/bash On since Sun Jul 15 08:26 (-03) on :0 from :0 (messages off) No mail. No Plan.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:59
dialout:x:20:sergio. When I tried to run the second command, bash returned to me No such file or directory
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 13:15
2
@N0rbert I don't think that this question should be closed as a duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? because the accepted answer to this question is more specific to the question that was asked.
– karel
Jul 17 '18 at 13:12
|
show 2 more comments
5
Possible duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? Did you forgot to logout and login again after runningusermod
?
– N0rbert
Jul 15 '18 at 12:51
Nope. First I tried to log out and in. Then I tried to restart my notebook. Nothing seems to work...
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:54
crw-rw-rw- 1 root dialout 166, 0 Jul 15 05:41 /dev/ttyACM0 Login: sergio Name: Sérgio Mafra Directory: /home/sergio Shell: /bin/bash On since Sun Jul 15 08:26 (-03) on :0 from :0 (messages off) No mail. No Plan.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:59
dialout:x:20:sergio. When I tried to run the second command, bash returned to me No such file or directory
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 13:15
2
@N0rbert I don't think that this question should be closed as a duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? because the accepted answer to this question is more specific to the question that was asked.
– karel
Jul 17 '18 at 13:12
5
5
Possible duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? Did you forgot to logout and login again after running
usermod
?– N0rbert
Jul 15 '18 at 12:51
Possible duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? Did you forgot to logout and login again after running
usermod
?– N0rbert
Jul 15 '18 at 12:51
Nope. First I tried to log out and in. Then I tried to restart my notebook. Nothing seems to work...
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:54
Nope. First I tried to log out and in. Then I tried to restart my notebook. Nothing seems to work...
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:54
crw-rw-rw- 1 root dialout 166, 0 Jul 15 05:41 /dev/ttyACM0 Login: sergio Name: Sérgio Mafra Directory: /home/sergio Shell: /bin/bash On since Sun Jul 15 08:26 (-03) on :0 from :0 (messages off) No mail. No Plan.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:59
crw-rw-rw- 1 root dialout 166, 0 Jul 15 05:41 /dev/ttyACM0 Login: sergio Name: Sérgio Mafra Directory: /home/sergio Shell: /bin/bash On since Sun Jul 15 08:26 (-03) on :0 from :0 (messages off) No mail. No Plan.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:59
dialout:x:20:sergio. When I tried to run the second command, bash returned to me No such file or directory
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 13:15
dialout:x:20:sergio. When I tried to run the second command, bash returned to me No such file or directory
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 13:15
2
2
@N0rbert I don't think that this question should be closed as a duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? because the accepted answer to this question is more specific to the question that was asked.
– karel
Jul 17 '18 at 13:12
@N0rbert I don't think that this question should be closed as a duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? because the accepted answer to this question is more specific to the question that was asked.
– karel
Jul 17 '18 at 13:12
|
show 2 more comments
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
Reinstall your arduino installed from Ubuntu software center:
sudo apt install --reinstall arduino
Reinstalling is necessary since your which avrdude
command according to your comment returns nothing, but should be /usr/bin/avrdude
. Check again:
which avrdude
Run your Arduino IDE after reinstalling and close it.
Check your arduino configuration. Open /home/sergio/.arduino/preferences.txt
file and check there serial.port
option. Try to change it to /dev/ttyACM0
. Open that file:
sudo nano /home/sergio/.arduino/preferences.txt
and apply corresponding changes, i.e. the option should look
serial.port=/dev/ttyACM0
Restart computer afterwards.
1
Thanks for all the help. I uninstalled it from Ubuntu Software Center and installed the version from arduino website and it worked.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 15:11
add a comment |
I had a similar issue when I tried to upload a sketch to Arduino. The issue was connected to the lack of permissions to read/write to the serial port. I was able to fix by using the following command:
To confirm the port exists enter the following from the root directory.
ls /dev/ttyACM0
To set read/write permissions, enter the following
sudo chmod a+rw /dev/ttyACM0
add a comment |
[In combination with all the posts i read, this is what i did to solve that issue by following directions from this thread.
In a new terminal, i typed the following as shown in the attached screenshot.]1
Go to https://i.stack.imgur.com/ifRmx.png for the screenshot
Please note that fourplus is my username.
New contributor
Welcome to ask ubuntu. In the future you should post text instead of images wherever possible.
– Jeff
45 mins ago
add a comment |
Your Answer
StackExchange.ready(function()
var channelOptions =
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "89"
;
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
createEditor();
);
else
createEditor();
);
function createEditor()
StackExchange.prepareEditor(
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader:
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
,
onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
);
);
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2faskubuntu.com%2fquestions%2f1056314%2fuploading-code-to-arduino-gives-me-the-error-avrdude-ser-open-cant-open-d%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
Reinstall your arduino installed from Ubuntu software center:
sudo apt install --reinstall arduino
Reinstalling is necessary since your which avrdude
command according to your comment returns nothing, but should be /usr/bin/avrdude
. Check again:
which avrdude
Run your Arduino IDE after reinstalling and close it.
Check your arduino configuration. Open /home/sergio/.arduino/preferences.txt
file and check there serial.port
option. Try to change it to /dev/ttyACM0
. Open that file:
sudo nano /home/sergio/.arduino/preferences.txt
and apply corresponding changes, i.e. the option should look
serial.port=/dev/ttyACM0
Restart computer afterwards.
1
Thanks for all the help. I uninstalled it from Ubuntu Software Center and installed the version from arduino website and it worked.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 15:11
add a comment |
Reinstall your arduino installed from Ubuntu software center:
sudo apt install --reinstall arduino
Reinstalling is necessary since your which avrdude
command according to your comment returns nothing, but should be /usr/bin/avrdude
. Check again:
which avrdude
Run your Arduino IDE after reinstalling and close it.
Check your arduino configuration. Open /home/sergio/.arduino/preferences.txt
file and check there serial.port
option. Try to change it to /dev/ttyACM0
. Open that file:
sudo nano /home/sergio/.arduino/preferences.txt
and apply corresponding changes, i.e. the option should look
serial.port=/dev/ttyACM0
Restart computer afterwards.
1
Thanks for all the help. I uninstalled it from Ubuntu Software Center and installed the version from arduino website and it worked.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 15:11
add a comment |
Reinstall your arduino installed from Ubuntu software center:
sudo apt install --reinstall arduino
Reinstalling is necessary since your which avrdude
command according to your comment returns nothing, but should be /usr/bin/avrdude
. Check again:
which avrdude
Run your Arduino IDE after reinstalling and close it.
Check your arduino configuration. Open /home/sergio/.arduino/preferences.txt
file and check there serial.port
option. Try to change it to /dev/ttyACM0
. Open that file:
sudo nano /home/sergio/.arduino/preferences.txt
and apply corresponding changes, i.e. the option should look
serial.port=/dev/ttyACM0
Restart computer afterwards.
Reinstall your arduino installed from Ubuntu software center:
sudo apt install --reinstall arduino
Reinstalling is necessary since your which avrdude
command according to your comment returns nothing, but should be /usr/bin/avrdude
. Check again:
which avrdude
Run your Arduino IDE after reinstalling and close it.
Check your arduino configuration. Open /home/sergio/.arduino/preferences.txt
file and check there serial.port
option. Try to change it to /dev/ttyACM0
. Open that file:
sudo nano /home/sergio/.arduino/preferences.txt
and apply corresponding changes, i.e. the option should look
serial.port=/dev/ttyACM0
Restart computer afterwards.
edited Jul 15 '18 at 15:10
answered Jul 15 '18 at 14:33
BobBob
1,281112
1,281112
1
Thanks for all the help. I uninstalled it from Ubuntu Software Center and installed the version from arduino website and it worked.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 15:11
add a comment |
1
Thanks for all the help. I uninstalled it from Ubuntu Software Center and installed the version from arduino website and it worked.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 15:11
1
1
Thanks for all the help. I uninstalled it from Ubuntu Software Center and installed the version from arduino website and it worked.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 15:11
Thanks for all the help. I uninstalled it from Ubuntu Software Center and installed the version from arduino website and it worked.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 15:11
add a comment |
I had a similar issue when I tried to upload a sketch to Arduino. The issue was connected to the lack of permissions to read/write to the serial port. I was able to fix by using the following command:
To confirm the port exists enter the following from the root directory.
ls /dev/ttyACM0
To set read/write permissions, enter the following
sudo chmod a+rw /dev/ttyACM0
add a comment |
I had a similar issue when I tried to upload a sketch to Arduino. The issue was connected to the lack of permissions to read/write to the serial port. I was able to fix by using the following command:
To confirm the port exists enter the following from the root directory.
ls /dev/ttyACM0
To set read/write permissions, enter the following
sudo chmod a+rw /dev/ttyACM0
add a comment |
I had a similar issue when I tried to upload a sketch to Arduino. The issue was connected to the lack of permissions to read/write to the serial port. I was able to fix by using the following command:
To confirm the port exists enter the following from the root directory.
ls /dev/ttyACM0
To set read/write permissions, enter the following
sudo chmod a+rw /dev/ttyACM0
I had a similar issue when I tried to upload a sketch to Arduino. The issue was connected to the lack of permissions to read/write to the serial port. I was able to fix by using the following command:
To confirm the port exists enter the following from the root directory.
ls /dev/ttyACM0
To set read/write permissions, enter the following
sudo chmod a+rw /dev/ttyACM0
answered Jan 22 at 6:13
AdrianAdrian
111
111
add a comment |
add a comment |
[In combination with all the posts i read, this is what i did to solve that issue by following directions from this thread.
In a new terminal, i typed the following as shown in the attached screenshot.]1
Go to https://i.stack.imgur.com/ifRmx.png for the screenshot
Please note that fourplus is my username.
New contributor
Welcome to ask ubuntu. In the future you should post text instead of images wherever possible.
– Jeff
45 mins ago
add a comment |
[In combination with all the posts i read, this is what i did to solve that issue by following directions from this thread.
In a new terminal, i typed the following as shown in the attached screenshot.]1
Go to https://i.stack.imgur.com/ifRmx.png for the screenshot
Please note that fourplus is my username.
New contributor
Welcome to ask ubuntu. In the future you should post text instead of images wherever possible.
– Jeff
45 mins ago
add a comment |
[In combination with all the posts i read, this is what i did to solve that issue by following directions from this thread.
In a new terminal, i typed the following as shown in the attached screenshot.]1
Go to https://i.stack.imgur.com/ifRmx.png for the screenshot
Please note that fourplus is my username.
New contributor
[In combination with all the posts i read, this is what i did to solve that issue by following directions from this thread.
In a new terminal, i typed the following as shown in the attached screenshot.]1
Go to https://i.stack.imgur.com/ifRmx.png for the screenshot
Please note that fourplus is my username.
New contributor
edited 3 hours ago
New contributor
answered 3 hours ago
Arafat MukasaArafat Mukasa
11
11
New contributor
New contributor
Welcome to ask ubuntu. In the future you should post text instead of images wherever possible.
– Jeff
45 mins ago
add a comment |
Welcome to ask ubuntu. In the future you should post text instead of images wherever possible.
– Jeff
45 mins ago
Welcome to ask ubuntu. In the future you should post text instead of images wherever possible.
– Jeff
45 mins ago
Welcome to ask ubuntu. In the future you should post text instead of images wherever possible.
– Jeff
45 mins ago
add a comment |
Thanks for contributing an answer to Ask Ubuntu!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2faskubuntu.com%2fquestions%2f1056314%2fuploading-code-to-arduino-gives-me-the-error-avrdude-ser-open-cant-open-d%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
5
Possible duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? Did you forgot to logout and login again after running
usermod
?– N0rbert
Jul 15 '18 at 12:51
Nope. First I tried to log out and in. Then I tried to restart my notebook. Nothing seems to work...
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:54
crw-rw-rw- 1 root dialout 166, 0 Jul 15 05:41 /dev/ttyACM0 Login: sergio Name: Sérgio Mafra Directory: /home/sergio Shell: /bin/bash On since Sun Jul 15 08:26 (-03) on :0 from :0 (messages off) No mail. No Plan.
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 12:59
dialout:x:20:sergio. When I tried to run the second command, bash returned to me No such file or directory
– Sérgio Mafra
Jul 15 '18 at 13:15
2
@N0rbert I don't think that this question should be closed as a duplicate of How to install latest Arduino IDE? because the accepted answer to this question is more specific to the question that was asked.
– karel
Jul 17 '18 at 13:12