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How does TikZ render an arc?



How does TikZ render an arc?



Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 23:30 UTC (7:30pm US/Eastern)Draw arc in tikz when center of circle is specifiedRotate a node but not its content: the case of the ellipse decorationDrawing a TikZ arc specifying the centerHow to automatically obtain the center of the circle used to draw the arc in TikZ?TikZ: Drawing an arc from an intersection to an intersectionDrawing rectilinear curves in Tikz, aka an Etch-a-Sketch drawingTikz: get the point at the arc endLine up nested tikz enviroments or how to get rid of themHow to draw a square and its diagonals with arrows?Fill a section between two circles with TikZbeginfigure… endfigure is not working with tikz package










4















With the sample MWE below, TikZ generates the following diagram:



1. Drawing an arc



documentclassarticle
usepackagetikz
begindocument
begintikzpicture
coordinate[label=below:$a$] (a) at (0,0);

draw (a) arc(0:180:2);
endtikzpicture
enddocument


enter image description here



2. Drawing a circle



documentclassarticle
usepackagetikz
begindocument
begintikzpicture
coordinate[label=below:$a$] (a) at (0,0);
coordinate[label=below:$b$] (b) at (5,5);

draw (a) arc(0:180:2);
draw (b) circle [radius=2cm];
endtikzpicture
enddocument


enter image description here



With draw <coordinate> circle command, TikZ draws a circle, with the <coordinate> at its center.



With draw <coordinate> arc command, TikZ draws an arc, with the <coordinate> as one of its endpoints.



I wish to understand, why this difference of behavior and how is TikZ drawing the arc with draw (a) arc(0:180:2);.



Why does TikZ does not use (a) as its center point while drawing an arc similar to drawing a circle.



How does TikZ actually draw the arc with point a.



What is the reference and center point, when TikZ draws an arc.










share|improve this question






















  • May I draw your attention to this question? IMHO the question "Why does TikZ does not use (a) as its center point while drawing an arc similar to drawing a circle?" is not really answerable, and there are more than enough answers that show you how you can get whatever behavior you want.

    – marmot
    1 hour ago







  • 1





    The mathematical geometry of an arc and a circle? Judging from the question you seem to understand it very well. (Internally TikZ approximates them with Bezier curves, if that's your question.)

    – marmot
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    What is the geometry here? It is just simply the beginning angle and the ending angle.

    – JouleV
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    The logic is very simple: consider draw (x,y) arc(alpha:beta:r); Now draw a circle of radius r such that (x,y) is at the position specified by the angle alpha, Now TikZ draws an arc from that point to the point with angle beta along that circle.

    – marmot
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    @marmot Yes, but I have to "update" myself right now

    – JouleV
    1 hour ago















4















With the sample MWE below, TikZ generates the following diagram:



1. Drawing an arc



documentclassarticle
usepackagetikz
begindocument
begintikzpicture
coordinate[label=below:$a$] (a) at (0,0);

draw (a) arc(0:180:2);
endtikzpicture
enddocument


enter image description here



2. Drawing a circle



documentclassarticle
usepackagetikz
begindocument
begintikzpicture
coordinate[label=below:$a$] (a) at (0,0);
coordinate[label=below:$b$] (b) at (5,5);

draw (a) arc(0:180:2);
draw (b) circle [radius=2cm];
endtikzpicture
enddocument


enter image description here



With draw <coordinate> circle command, TikZ draws a circle, with the <coordinate> at its center.



With draw <coordinate> arc command, TikZ draws an arc, with the <coordinate> as one of its endpoints.



I wish to understand, why this difference of behavior and how is TikZ drawing the arc with draw (a) arc(0:180:2);.



Why does TikZ does not use (a) as its center point while drawing an arc similar to drawing a circle.



How does TikZ actually draw the arc with point a.



What is the reference and center point, when TikZ draws an arc.










share|improve this question






















  • May I draw your attention to this question? IMHO the question "Why does TikZ does not use (a) as its center point while drawing an arc similar to drawing a circle?" is not really answerable, and there are more than enough answers that show you how you can get whatever behavior you want.

    – marmot
    1 hour ago







  • 1





    The mathematical geometry of an arc and a circle? Judging from the question you seem to understand it very well. (Internally TikZ approximates them with Bezier curves, if that's your question.)

    – marmot
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    What is the geometry here? It is just simply the beginning angle and the ending angle.

    – JouleV
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    The logic is very simple: consider draw (x,y) arc(alpha:beta:r); Now draw a circle of radius r such that (x,y) is at the position specified by the angle alpha, Now TikZ draws an arc from that point to the point with angle beta along that circle.

    – marmot
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    @marmot Yes, but I have to "update" myself right now

    – JouleV
    1 hour ago













4












4








4


1






With the sample MWE below, TikZ generates the following diagram:



1. Drawing an arc



documentclassarticle
usepackagetikz
begindocument
begintikzpicture
coordinate[label=below:$a$] (a) at (0,0);

draw (a) arc(0:180:2);
endtikzpicture
enddocument


enter image description here



2. Drawing a circle



documentclassarticle
usepackagetikz
begindocument
begintikzpicture
coordinate[label=below:$a$] (a) at (0,0);
coordinate[label=below:$b$] (b) at (5,5);

draw (a) arc(0:180:2);
draw (b) circle [radius=2cm];
endtikzpicture
enddocument


enter image description here



With draw <coordinate> circle command, TikZ draws a circle, with the <coordinate> at its center.



With draw <coordinate> arc command, TikZ draws an arc, with the <coordinate> as one of its endpoints.



I wish to understand, why this difference of behavior and how is TikZ drawing the arc with draw (a) arc(0:180:2);.



Why does TikZ does not use (a) as its center point while drawing an arc similar to drawing a circle.



How does TikZ actually draw the arc with point a.



What is the reference and center point, when TikZ draws an arc.










share|improve this question














With the sample MWE below, TikZ generates the following diagram:



1. Drawing an arc



documentclassarticle
usepackagetikz
begindocument
begintikzpicture
coordinate[label=below:$a$] (a) at (0,0);

draw (a) arc(0:180:2);
endtikzpicture
enddocument


enter image description here



2. Drawing a circle



documentclassarticle
usepackagetikz
begindocument
begintikzpicture
coordinate[label=below:$a$] (a) at (0,0);
coordinate[label=below:$b$] (b) at (5,5);

draw (a) arc(0:180:2);
draw (b) circle [radius=2cm];
endtikzpicture
enddocument


enter image description here



With draw <coordinate> circle command, TikZ draws a circle, with the <coordinate> at its center.



With draw <coordinate> arc command, TikZ draws an arc, with the <coordinate> as one of its endpoints.



I wish to understand, why this difference of behavior and how is TikZ drawing the arc with draw (a) arc(0:180:2);.



Why does TikZ does not use (a) as its center point while drawing an arc similar to drawing a circle.



How does TikZ actually draw the arc with point a.



What is the reference and center point, when TikZ draws an arc.







tikz-pgf






share|improve this question













share|improve this question











share|improve this question




share|improve this question










asked 1 hour ago









subham sonisubham soni

5,05983189




5,05983189












  • May I draw your attention to this question? IMHO the question "Why does TikZ does not use (a) as its center point while drawing an arc similar to drawing a circle?" is not really answerable, and there are more than enough answers that show you how you can get whatever behavior you want.

    – marmot
    1 hour ago







  • 1





    The mathematical geometry of an arc and a circle? Judging from the question you seem to understand it very well. (Internally TikZ approximates them with Bezier curves, if that's your question.)

    – marmot
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    What is the geometry here? It is just simply the beginning angle and the ending angle.

    – JouleV
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    The logic is very simple: consider draw (x,y) arc(alpha:beta:r); Now draw a circle of radius r such that (x,y) is at the position specified by the angle alpha, Now TikZ draws an arc from that point to the point with angle beta along that circle.

    – marmot
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    @marmot Yes, but I have to "update" myself right now

    – JouleV
    1 hour ago

















  • May I draw your attention to this question? IMHO the question "Why does TikZ does not use (a) as its center point while drawing an arc similar to drawing a circle?" is not really answerable, and there are more than enough answers that show you how you can get whatever behavior you want.

    – marmot
    1 hour ago







  • 1





    The mathematical geometry of an arc and a circle? Judging from the question you seem to understand it very well. (Internally TikZ approximates them with Bezier curves, if that's your question.)

    – marmot
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    What is the geometry here? It is just simply the beginning angle and the ending angle.

    – JouleV
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    The logic is very simple: consider draw (x,y) arc(alpha:beta:r); Now draw a circle of radius r such that (x,y) is at the position specified by the angle alpha, Now TikZ draws an arc from that point to the point with angle beta along that circle.

    – marmot
    1 hour ago






  • 1





    @marmot Yes, but I have to "update" myself right now

    – JouleV
    1 hour ago
















May I draw your attention to this question? IMHO the question "Why does TikZ does not use (a) as its center point while drawing an arc similar to drawing a circle?" is not really answerable, and there are more than enough answers that show you how you can get whatever behavior you want.

– marmot
1 hour ago






May I draw your attention to this question? IMHO the question "Why does TikZ does not use (a) as its center point while drawing an arc similar to drawing a circle?" is not really answerable, and there are more than enough answers that show you how you can get whatever behavior you want.

– marmot
1 hour ago





1




1





The mathematical geometry of an arc and a circle? Judging from the question you seem to understand it very well. (Internally TikZ approximates them with Bezier curves, if that's your question.)

– marmot
1 hour ago





The mathematical geometry of an arc and a circle? Judging from the question you seem to understand it very well. (Internally TikZ approximates them with Bezier curves, if that's your question.)

– marmot
1 hour ago




1




1





What is the geometry here? It is just simply the beginning angle and the ending angle.

– JouleV
1 hour ago





What is the geometry here? It is just simply the beginning angle and the ending angle.

– JouleV
1 hour ago




1




1





The logic is very simple: consider draw (x,y) arc(alpha:beta:r); Now draw a circle of radius r such that (x,y) is at the position specified by the angle alpha, Now TikZ draws an arc from that point to the point with angle beta along that circle.

– marmot
1 hour ago





The logic is very simple: consider draw (x,y) arc(alpha:beta:r); Now draw a circle of radius r such that (x,y) is at the position specified by the angle alpha, Now TikZ draws an arc from that point to the point with angle beta along that circle.

– marmot
1 hour ago




1




1





@marmot Yes, but I have to "update" myself right now

– JouleV
1 hour ago





@marmot Yes, but I have to "update" myself right now

– JouleV
1 hour ago










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















5














Here is an attempt to use attempt to explain step by step what's going on. I use the non-deprecated syntax, as suggested by Joule V.



documentclassbeamer
usepackagetikz
usetikzlibraryoverlay-beamer-styles
begindocument
beginframe[t]
frametitleThe arc construction
textbackslashtextttdraw (P) arc[start angle=$alpha$,end
angle=$beta$,radius=$r$];

centering
begintikzpicture
node[circle,fill,inner sep=1pt,label=right:$P=(x,y)$] (P);
draw[dashed,visible on=<2-4>] (P) ++ (210:2) coordinate (O) circle[radius=2cm];
draw[visible on=<2>] (O) + (1,0) arc[start angle=00,end angle=30,radius=1cm]
node[midway,right] $alpha$;
draw[visible on=<2>] (P) -- (O) -- ++(2,0) node[midway,below]$r$;
draw[visible on=<3>,thick] (P) arc[start angle=30,end angle=135,radius=2cm]
coordinate (Q);
draw[visible on=<3>] (O) + (1,0) arc[start angle=00,end angle=135,radius=1cm]
node[midway,below] $beta$ (Q) -- (O) -- ++(2,0) ;
path (O) -- ++ (0,2.5); % only for the bounding box
endtikzpicture
beginitemize
item<+-> Consider a point $P=(x,y)$.
item<+-> Imagine now a circle of radius $r$ for which $P$ sits at the angle
$alpha$.
item<+-> The arc runs along this circle between the angles $alpha$ and
$beta$;
enditemize
endframe
enddocument


enter image description here






share|improve this answer

























  • +1, very clear!

    – CarLaTeX
    54 mins ago


















2














Short answer: arc has nothing to do with circle. circle is drawn with four curves, arc is drawn with one curve, that is all.



Let's start with tikz.code.tex. In lines 3673–3706, there is the definition of tikz@do@arc, based on pgfpatharc, which is defined in pgfcorepathconstruct.code.tex. Circles and ellipses are defined in the same way.



In pgfcorepathconstruct.code.tex, pgfpatharc is defined as a curve with a starting point and an ending point, based on pgf@nlt@curveto (line 401).



Meanwhile, you can see that any kind of curves, even circles, are defined based on pgf@nlt@curveto. Circles and ellipses is defined in pgfpathellipse as a set of four connected curves: line 926, line 947, line 968, and line 989 — each of these curves has its own pgf@nlt@curveto.



That is why the arc does not take its coordinate as the center, but a starting point.






share|improve this answer























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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    5














    Here is an attempt to use attempt to explain step by step what's going on. I use the non-deprecated syntax, as suggested by Joule V.



    documentclassbeamer
    usepackagetikz
    usetikzlibraryoverlay-beamer-styles
    begindocument
    beginframe[t]
    frametitleThe arc construction
    textbackslashtextttdraw (P) arc[start angle=$alpha$,end
    angle=$beta$,radius=$r$];

    centering
    begintikzpicture
    node[circle,fill,inner sep=1pt,label=right:$P=(x,y)$] (P);
    draw[dashed,visible on=<2-4>] (P) ++ (210:2) coordinate (O) circle[radius=2cm];
    draw[visible on=<2>] (O) + (1,0) arc[start angle=00,end angle=30,radius=1cm]
    node[midway,right] $alpha$;
    draw[visible on=<2>] (P) -- (O) -- ++(2,0) node[midway,below]$r$;
    draw[visible on=<3>,thick] (P) arc[start angle=30,end angle=135,radius=2cm]
    coordinate (Q);
    draw[visible on=<3>] (O) + (1,0) arc[start angle=00,end angle=135,radius=1cm]
    node[midway,below] $beta$ (Q) -- (O) -- ++(2,0) ;
    path (O) -- ++ (0,2.5); % only for the bounding box
    endtikzpicture
    beginitemize
    item<+-> Consider a point $P=(x,y)$.
    item<+-> Imagine now a circle of radius $r$ for which $P$ sits at the angle
    $alpha$.
    item<+-> The arc runs along this circle between the angles $alpha$ and
    $beta$;
    enditemize
    endframe
    enddocument


    enter image description here






    share|improve this answer

























    • +1, very clear!

      – CarLaTeX
      54 mins ago















    5














    Here is an attempt to use attempt to explain step by step what's going on. I use the non-deprecated syntax, as suggested by Joule V.



    documentclassbeamer
    usepackagetikz
    usetikzlibraryoverlay-beamer-styles
    begindocument
    beginframe[t]
    frametitleThe arc construction
    textbackslashtextttdraw (P) arc[start angle=$alpha$,end
    angle=$beta$,radius=$r$];

    centering
    begintikzpicture
    node[circle,fill,inner sep=1pt,label=right:$P=(x,y)$] (P);
    draw[dashed,visible on=<2-4>] (P) ++ (210:2) coordinate (O) circle[radius=2cm];
    draw[visible on=<2>] (O) + (1,0) arc[start angle=00,end angle=30,radius=1cm]
    node[midway,right] $alpha$;
    draw[visible on=<2>] (P) -- (O) -- ++(2,0) node[midway,below]$r$;
    draw[visible on=<3>,thick] (P) arc[start angle=30,end angle=135,radius=2cm]
    coordinate (Q);
    draw[visible on=<3>] (O) + (1,0) arc[start angle=00,end angle=135,radius=1cm]
    node[midway,below] $beta$ (Q) -- (O) -- ++(2,0) ;
    path (O) -- ++ (0,2.5); % only for the bounding box
    endtikzpicture
    beginitemize
    item<+-> Consider a point $P=(x,y)$.
    item<+-> Imagine now a circle of radius $r$ for which $P$ sits at the angle
    $alpha$.
    item<+-> The arc runs along this circle between the angles $alpha$ and
    $beta$;
    enditemize
    endframe
    enddocument


    enter image description here






    share|improve this answer

























    • +1, very clear!

      – CarLaTeX
      54 mins ago













    5












    5








    5







    Here is an attempt to use attempt to explain step by step what's going on. I use the non-deprecated syntax, as suggested by Joule V.



    documentclassbeamer
    usepackagetikz
    usetikzlibraryoverlay-beamer-styles
    begindocument
    beginframe[t]
    frametitleThe arc construction
    textbackslashtextttdraw (P) arc[start angle=$alpha$,end
    angle=$beta$,radius=$r$];

    centering
    begintikzpicture
    node[circle,fill,inner sep=1pt,label=right:$P=(x,y)$] (P);
    draw[dashed,visible on=<2-4>] (P) ++ (210:2) coordinate (O) circle[radius=2cm];
    draw[visible on=<2>] (O) + (1,0) arc[start angle=00,end angle=30,radius=1cm]
    node[midway,right] $alpha$;
    draw[visible on=<2>] (P) -- (O) -- ++(2,0) node[midway,below]$r$;
    draw[visible on=<3>,thick] (P) arc[start angle=30,end angle=135,radius=2cm]
    coordinate (Q);
    draw[visible on=<3>] (O) + (1,0) arc[start angle=00,end angle=135,radius=1cm]
    node[midway,below] $beta$ (Q) -- (O) -- ++(2,0) ;
    path (O) -- ++ (0,2.5); % only for the bounding box
    endtikzpicture
    beginitemize
    item<+-> Consider a point $P=(x,y)$.
    item<+-> Imagine now a circle of radius $r$ for which $P$ sits at the angle
    $alpha$.
    item<+-> The arc runs along this circle between the angles $alpha$ and
    $beta$;
    enditemize
    endframe
    enddocument


    enter image description here






    share|improve this answer















    Here is an attempt to use attempt to explain step by step what's going on. I use the non-deprecated syntax, as suggested by Joule V.



    documentclassbeamer
    usepackagetikz
    usetikzlibraryoverlay-beamer-styles
    begindocument
    beginframe[t]
    frametitleThe arc construction
    textbackslashtextttdraw (P) arc[start angle=$alpha$,end
    angle=$beta$,radius=$r$];

    centering
    begintikzpicture
    node[circle,fill,inner sep=1pt,label=right:$P=(x,y)$] (P);
    draw[dashed,visible on=<2-4>] (P) ++ (210:2) coordinate (O) circle[radius=2cm];
    draw[visible on=<2>] (O) + (1,0) arc[start angle=00,end angle=30,radius=1cm]
    node[midway,right] $alpha$;
    draw[visible on=<2>] (P) -- (O) -- ++(2,0) node[midway,below]$r$;
    draw[visible on=<3>,thick] (P) arc[start angle=30,end angle=135,radius=2cm]
    coordinate (Q);
    draw[visible on=<3>] (O) + (1,0) arc[start angle=00,end angle=135,radius=1cm]
    node[midway,below] $beta$ (Q) -- (O) -- ++(2,0) ;
    path (O) -- ++ (0,2.5); % only for the bounding box
    endtikzpicture
    beginitemize
    item<+-> Consider a point $P=(x,y)$.
    item<+-> Imagine now a circle of radius $r$ for which $P$ sits at the angle
    $alpha$.
    item<+-> The arc runs along this circle between the angles $alpha$ and
    $beta$;
    enditemize
    endframe
    enddocument


    enter image description here







    share|improve this answer














    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer








    edited 53 mins ago

























    answered 57 mins ago









    marmotmarmot

    120k6154290




    120k6154290












    • +1, very clear!

      – CarLaTeX
      54 mins ago

















    • +1, very clear!

      – CarLaTeX
      54 mins ago
















    +1, very clear!

    – CarLaTeX
    54 mins ago





    +1, very clear!

    – CarLaTeX
    54 mins ago











    2














    Short answer: arc has nothing to do with circle. circle is drawn with four curves, arc is drawn with one curve, that is all.



    Let's start with tikz.code.tex. In lines 3673–3706, there is the definition of tikz@do@arc, based on pgfpatharc, which is defined in pgfcorepathconstruct.code.tex. Circles and ellipses are defined in the same way.



    In pgfcorepathconstruct.code.tex, pgfpatharc is defined as a curve with a starting point and an ending point, based on pgf@nlt@curveto (line 401).



    Meanwhile, you can see that any kind of curves, even circles, are defined based on pgf@nlt@curveto. Circles and ellipses is defined in pgfpathellipse as a set of four connected curves: line 926, line 947, line 968, and line 989 — each of these curves has its own pgf@nlt@curveto.



    That is why the arc does not take its coordinate as the center, but a starting point.






    share|improve this answer



























      2














      Short answer: arc has nothing to do with circle. circle is drawn with four curves, arc is drawn with one curve, that is all.



      Let's start with tikz.code.tex. In lines 3673–3706, there is the definition of tikz@do@arc, based on pgfpatharc, which is defined in pgfcorepathconstruct.code.tex. Circles and ellipses are defined in the same way.



      In pgfcorepathconstruct.code.tex, pgfpatharc is defined as a curve with a starting point and an ending point, based on pgf@nlt@curveto (line 401).



      Meanwhile, you can see that any kind of curves, even circles, are defined based on pgf@nlt@curveto. Circles and ellipses is defined in pgfpathellipse as a set of four connected curves: line 926, line 947, line 968, and line 989 — each of these curves has its own pgf@nlt@curveto.



      That is why the arc does not take its coordinate as the center, but a starting point.






      share|improve this answer

























        2












        2








        2







        Short answer: arc has nothing to do with circle. circle is drawn with four curves, arc is drawn with one curve, that is all.



        Let's start with tikz.code.tex. In lines 3673–3706, there is the definition of tikz@do@arc, based on pgfpatharc, which is defined in pgfcorepathconstruct.code.tex. Circles and ellipses are defined in the same way.



        In pgfcorepathconstruct.code.tex, pgfpatharc is defined as a curve with a starting point and an ending point, based on pgf@nlt@curveto (line 401).



        Meanwhile, you can see that any kind of curves, even circles, are defined based on pgf@nlt@curveto. Circles and ellipses is defined in pgfpathellipse as a set of four connected curves: line 926, line 947, line 968, and line 989 — each of these curves has its own pgf@nlt@curveto.



        That is why the arc does not take its coordinate as the center, but a starting point.






        share|improve this answer













        Short answer: arc has nothing to do with circle. circle is drawn with four curves, arc is drawn with one curve, that is all.



        Let's start with tikz.code.tex. In lines 3673–3706, there is the definition of tikz@do@arc, based on pgfpatharc, which is defined in pgfcorepathconstruct.code.tex. Circles and ellipses are defined in the same way.



        In pgfcorepathconstruct.code.tex, pgfpatharc is defined as a curve with a starting point and an ending point, based on pgf@nlt@curveto (line 401).



        Meanwhile, you can see that any kind of curves, even circles, are defined based on pgf@nlt@curveto. Circles and ellipses is defined in pgfpathellipse as a set of four connected curves: line 926, line 947, line 968, and line 989 — each of these curves has its own pgf@nlt@curveto.



        That is why the arc does not take its coordinate as the center, but a starting point.







        share|improve this answer












        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer










        answered 25 mins ago









        JouleVJouleV

        14.7k22665




        14.7k22665



























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