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Why doesn't using two cd commands in bash script execute the second command?


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6















I have written a bash script which create series of directories, and clones a project to selected directories.



For that I need to cd to each directory (project 1 and project 2), but the script doesn't cd to the second directory and execute the command.



Instead, it stops after cd and cloning in theproject2 directory. Why it doesn't call the cd_project1 function in following code?



#!/bin/bash
#Get the current user name

function my_user_name()
current_user=$USER
echo " Current user is $current_user"


#Creating useful directories

function create_useful_directories()
if [[ ! -d "$scratch" ]]; then
echo "creating relevant directory"
mkdir -p /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/project2
else
echo "scratch directory already exists"
:
fi


#Going to project2 and cloning

function cd_project2()

cd /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/project2 &&
git clone https://username@bitbucket.org/teamsinspace/documentation-tests.git
exec bash


#Going to project1 directory and cloning
function cd_project1()

cd /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/ &&
git clone https://username@bitbucket.org/teamsinspace/documentation-tests.git
exec bash



#Running the functions
function main()

my_user_name
create_useful_directories
cd_project2
cd_project1

main


Terminal output:



~/Downloads$. ./bash_install_script.sh 
Current user is mihi
creating relevant directory
Cloning into 'documentation-tests'...
remote: Counting objects: 125, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (115/115), done.
remote: Total 125 (delta 59), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (125/125), 33.61 KiB | 362.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (59/59), done.
~/Downloads/scratch/mihi/project1/project2$









share|improve this question









New contributor




Jenny is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.




















  • Consider accepting one of the answers. If more than one answer is a solution to a question - accept the best one and up-vote another.

    – LeonidMew
    7 hours ago











  • Hi LeonidMew. Sorry I have no idea how to accept the answers. Both answers are equally good though.

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @Jenny, don't feel rushed. Read What should I do when someone answers my question? instead and act accordingly when you are satisfied. Just take your time, there is no reason to hurry. It's perfectly OK if you decide in a day or in a week or in whatever time it takes.

    – PerlDuck
    6 hours ago






  • 1





    @LeonidMew it's barely been 45 minutes since the question was asked, waiting longer is A-OK, a better answer might even come along (like PerlDuck's comment says, it just popped up while I was typing)

    – Xen2050
    6 hours ago






  • 2





    I'm curious what you intended for the exec bash to do.

    – Dennis Williamson
    5 hours ago















6















I have written a bash script which create series of directories, and clones a project to selected directories.



For that I need to cd to each directory (project 1 and project 2), but the script doesn't cd to the second directory and execute the command.



Instead, it stops after cd and cloning in theproject2 directory. Why it doesn't call the cd_project1 function in following code?



#!/bin/bash
#Get the current user name

function my_user_name()
current_user=$USER
echo " Current user is $current_user"


#Creating useful directories

function create_useful_directories()
if [[ ! -d "$scratch" ]]; then
echo "creating relevant directory"
mkdir -p /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/project2
else
echo "scratch directory already exists"
:
fi


#Going to project2 and cloning

function cd_project2()

cd /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/project2 &&
git clone https://username@bitbucket.org/teamsinspace/documentation-tests.git
exec bash


#Going to project1 directory and cloning
function cd_project1()

cd /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/ &&
git clone https://username@bitbucket.org/teamsinspace/documentation-tests.git
exec bash



#Running the functions
function main()

my_user_name
create_useful_directories
cd_project2
cd_project1

main


Terminal output:



~/Downloads$. ./bash_install_script.sh 
Current user is mihi
creating relevant directory
Cloning into 'documentation-tests'...
remote: Counting objects: 125, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (115/115), done.
remote: Total 125 (delta 59), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (125/125), 33.61 KiB | 362.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (59/59), done.
~/Downloads/scratch/mihi/project1/project2$









share|improve this question









New contributor




Jenny is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.




















  • Consider accepting one of the answers. If more than one answer is a solution to a question - accept the best one and up-vote another.

    – LeonidMew
    7 hours ago











  • Hi LeonidMew. Sorry I have no idea how to accept the answers. Both answers are equally good though.

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @Jenny, don't feel rushed. Read What should I do when someone answers my question? instead and act accordingly when you are satisfied. Just take your time, there is no reason to hurry. It's perfectly OK if you decide in a day or in a week or in whatever time it takes.

    – PerlDuck
    6 hours ago






  • 1





    @LeonidMew it's barely been 45 minutes since the question was asked, waiting longer is A-OK, a better answer might even come along (like PerlDuck's comment says, it just popped up while I was typing)

    – Xen2050
    6 hours ago






  • 2





    I'm curious what you intended for the exec bash to do.

    – Dennis Williamson
    5 hours ago













6












6








6








I have written a bash script which create series of directories, and clones a project to selected directories.



For that I need to cd to each directory (project 1 and project 2), but the script doesn't cd to the second directory and execute the command.



Instead, it stops after cd and cloning in theproject2 directory. Why it doesn't call the cd_project1 function in following code?



#!/bin/bash
#Get the current user name

function my_user_name()
current_user=$USER
echo " Current user is $current_user"


#Creating useful directories

function create_useful_directories()
if [[ ! -d "$scratch" ]]; then
echo "creating relevant directory"
mkdir -p /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/project2
else
echo "scratch directory already exists"
:
fi


#Going to project2 and cloning

function cd_project2()

cd /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/project2 &&
git clone https://username@bitbucket.org/teamsinspace/documentation-tests.git
exec bash


#Going to project1 directory and cloning
function cd_project1()

cd /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/ &&
git clone https://username@bitbucket.org/teamsinspace/documentation-tests.git
exec bash



#Running the functions
function main()

my_user_name
create_useful_directories
cd_project2
cd_project1

main


Terminal output:



~/Downloads$. ./bash_install_script.sh 
Current user is mihi
creating relevant directory
Cloning into 'documentation-tests'...
remote: Counting objects: 125, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (115/115), done.
remote: Total 125 (delta 59), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (125/125), 33.61 KiB | 362.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (59/59), done.
~/Downloads/scratch/mihi/project1/project2$









share|improve this question









New contributor




Jenny is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.












I have written a bash script which create series of directories, and clones a project to selected directories.



For that I need to cd to each directory (project 1 and project 2), but the script doesn't cd to the second directory and execute the command.



Instead, it stops after cd and cloning in theproject2 directory. Why it doesn't call the cd_project1 function in following code?



#!/bin/bash
#Get the current user name

function my_user_name()
current_user=$USER
echo " Current user is $current_user"


#Creating useful directories

function create_useful_directories()
if [[ ! -d "$scratch" ]]; then
echo "creating relevant directory"
mkdir -p /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/project2
else
echo "scratch directory already exists"
:
fi


#Going to project2 and cloning

function cd_project2()

cd /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/project2 &&
git clone https://username@bitbucket.org/teamsinspace/documentation-tests.git
exec bash


#Going to project1 directory and cloning
function cd_project1()

cd /home/"$current_user"/Downloads/scratch/"$current_user"/project1/ &&
git clone https://username@bitbucket.org/teamsinspace/documentation-tests.git
exec bash



#Running the functions
function main()

my_user_name
create_useful_directories
cd_project2
cd_project1

main


Terminal output:



~/Downloads$. ./bash_install_script.sh 
Current user is mihi
creating relevant directory
Cloning into 'documentation-tests'...
remote: Counting objects: 125, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (115/115), done.
remote: Total 125 (delta 59), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (125/125), 33.61 KiB | 362.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (59/59), done.
~/Downloads/scratch/mihi/project1/project2$






bash scripts cd-command






share|improve this question









New contributor




Jenny is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











share|improve this question









New contributor




Jenny is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 23 mins ago









Olorin

2,657924




2,657924






New contributor




Jenny is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









asked 7 hours ago









JennyJenny

313




313




New contributor




Jenny is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.





New contributor





Jenny is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






Jenny is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.












  • Consider accepting one of the answers. If more than one answer is a solution to a question - accept the best one and up-vote another.

    – LeonidMew
    7 hours ago











  • Hi LeonidMew. Sorry I have no idea how to accept the answers. Both answers are equally good though.

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @Jenny, don't feel rushed. Read What should I do when someone answers my question? instead and act accordingly when you are satisfied. Just take your time, there is no reason to hurry. It's perfectly OK if you decide in a day or in a week or in whatever time it takes.

    – PerlDuck
    6 hours ago






  • 1





    @LeonidMew it's barely been 45 minutes since the question was asked, waiting longer is A-OK, a better answer might even come along (like PerlDuck's comment says, it just popped up while I was typing)

    – Xen2050
    6 hours ago






  • 2





    I'm curious what you intended for the exec bash to do.

    – Dennis Williamson
    5 hours ago

















  • Consider accepting one of the answers. If more than one answer is a solution to a question - accept the best one and up-vote another.

    – LeonidMew
    7 hours ago











  • Hi LeonidMew. Sorry I have no idea how to accept the answers. Both answers are equally good though.

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @Jenny, don't feel rushed. Read What should I do when someone answers my question? instead and act accordingly when you are satisfied. Just take your time, there is no reason to hurry. It's perfectly OK if you decide in a day or in a week or in whatever time it takes.

    – PerlDuck
    6 hours ago






  • 1





    @LeonidMew it's barely been 45 minutes since the question was asked, waiting longer is A-OK, a better answer might even come along (like PerlDuck's comment says, it just popped up while I was typing)

    – Xen2050
    6 hours ago






  • 2





    I'm curious what you intended for the exec bash to do.

    – Dennis Williamson
    5 hours ago
















Consider accepting one of the answers. If more than one answer is a solution to a question - accept the best one and up-vote another.

– LeonidMew
7 hours ago





Consider accepting one of the answers. If more than one answer is a solution to a question - accept the best one and up-vote another.

– LeonidMew
7 hours ago













Hi LeonidMew. Sorry I have no idea how to accept the answers. Both answers are equally good though.

– Jenny
7 hours ago





Hi LeonidMew. Sorry I have no idea how to accept the answers. Both answers are equally good though.

– Jenny
7 hours ago




1




1





@Jenny, don't feel rushed. Read What should I do when someone answers my question? instead and act accordingly when you are satisfied. Just take your time, there is no reason to hurry. It's perfectly OK if you decide in a day or in a week or in whatever time it takes.

– PerlDuck
6 hours ago





@Jenny, don't feel rushed. Read What should I do when someone answers my question? instead and act accordingly when you are satisfied. Just take your time, there is no reason to hurry. It's perfectly OK if you decide in a day or in a week or in whatever time it takes.

– PerlDuck
6 hours ago




1




1





@LeonidMew it's barely been 45 minutes since the question was asked, waiting longer is A-OK, a better answer might even come along (like PerlDuck's comment says, it just popped up while I was typing)

– Xen2050
6 hours ago





@LeonidMew it's barely been 45 minutes since the question was asked, waiting longer is A-OK, a better answer might even come along (like PerlDuck's comment says, it just popped up while I was typing)

– Xen2050
6 hours ago




2




2





I'm curious what you intended for the exec bash to do.

– Dennis Williamson
5 hours ago





I'm curious what you intended for the exec bash to do.

– Dennis Williamson
5 hours ago










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















13














The culprits are your exec bash statements in some of your functions.
The exec statement is a bit weird and not easily understood in the first place.
It means: execute the following command instead of the currently running
command/shell/script from here on
. That is: it replaces the current shell
script (in your case) with an instance of bash and it never returns.



You can try this out with a shell and issue



exec sleep 5


This will replace your current shell (the bash) with the command sleep 5
and when that command returns (after 5 seconds) your window will close because
the shell has been replaced with sleep 5.



Same with your script: If you put exec something into your script, the script
gets replaced with something and when that something stops execution, the
whole script stops.



Simply dropping the exec bash statements should do.






share|improve this answer























  • Oh thanks! it worked. Never thought it would be that simpler. Jenny :)

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago











  • @Jenny Nice to hear. Anecdote: The Perl language also has an exec statement with the same behaviour and if you put some statements after an exec statement (like exec something; print "This won't run";) then Perl will warn you that the print statement will never get executed.

    – PerlDuck
    7 hours ago











  • BTW congrats on using && after cd, (if you don’t use set -e). I have seen Code like cd tmp; rm -rf * fail horrible

    – eckes
    5 hours ago


















8














From help exec:




exec: exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]
Replace the shell with the given command.

Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.
ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified,
any redirections take effect in the current shell.



The key word here is replace - if you exec bash from inside a script, no further script execution can occur.






share|improve this answer























  • Thanks! It works.

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago










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2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes








2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









13














The culprits are your exec bash statements in some of your functions.
The exec statement is a bit weird and not easily understood in the first place.
It means: execute the following command instead of the currently running
command/shell/script from here on
. That is: it replaces the current shell
script (in your case) with an instance of bash and it never returns.



You can try this out with a shell and issue



exec sleep 5


This will replace your current shell (the bash) with the command sleep 5
and when that command returns (after 5 seconds) your window will close because
the shell has been replaced with sleep 5.



Same with your script: If you put exec something into your script, the script
gets replaced with something and when that something stops execution, the
whole script stops.



Simply dropping the exec bash statements should do.






share|improve this answer























  • Oh thanks! it worked. Never thought it would be that simpler. Jenny :)

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago











  • @Jenny Nice to hear. Anecdote: The Perl language also has an exec statement with the same behaviour and if you put some statements after an exec statement (like exec something; print "This won't run";) then Perl will warn you that the print statement will never get executed.

    – PerlDuck
    7 hours ago











  • BTW congrats on using && after cd, (if you don’t use set -e). I have seen Code like cd tmp; rm -rf * fail horrible

    – eckes
    5 hours ago















13














The culprits are your exec bash statements in some of your functions.
The exec statement is a bit weird and not easily understood in the first place.
It means: execute the following command instead of the currently running
command/shell/script from here on
. That is: it replaces the current shell
script (in your case) with an instance of bash and it never returns.



You can try this out with a shell and issue



exec sleep 5


This will replace your current shell (the bash) with the command sleep 5
and when that command returns (after 5 seconds) your window will close because
the shell has been replaced with sleep 5.



Same with your script: If you put exec something into your script, the script
gets replaced with something and when that something stops execution, the
whole script stops.



Simply dropping the exec bash statements should do.






share|improve this answer























  • Oh thanks! it worked. Never thought it would be that simpler. Jenny :)

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago











  • @Jenny Nice to hear. Anecdote: The Perl language also has an exec statement with the same behaviour and if you put some statements after an exec statement (like exec something; print "This won't run";) then Perl will warn you that the print statement will never get executed.

    – PerlDuck
    7 hours ago











  • BTW congrats on using && after cd, (if you don’t use set -e). I have seen Code like cd tmp; rm -rf * fail horrible

    – eckes
    5 hours ago













13












13








13







The culprits are your exec bash statements in some of your functions.
The exec statement is a bit weird and not easily understood in the first place.
It means: execute the following command instead of the currently running
command/shell/script from here on
. That is: it replaces the current shell
script (in your case) with an instance of bash and it never returns.



You can try this out with a shell and issue



exec sleep 5


This will replace your current shell (the bash) with the command sleep 5
and when that command returns (after 5 seconds) your window will close because
the shell has been replaced with sleep 5.



Same with your script: If you put exec something into your script, the script
gets replaced with something and when that something stops execution, the
whole script stops.



Simply dropping the exec bash statements should do.






share|improve this answer













The culprits are your exec bash statements in some of your functions.
The exec statement is a bit weird and not easily understood in the first place.
It means: execute the following command instead of the currently running
command/shell/script from here on
. That is: it replaces the current shell
script (in your case) with an instance of bash and it never returns.



You can try this out with a shell and issue



exec sleep 5


This will replace your current shell (the bash) with the command sleep 5
and when that command returns (after 5 seconds) your window will close because
the shell has been replaced with sleep 5.



Same with your script: If you put exec something into your script, the script
gets replaced with something and when that something stops execution, the
whole script stops.



Simply dropping the exec bash statements should do.







share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered 7 hours ago









PerlDuckPerlDuck

7,06611536




7,06611536












  • Oh thanks! it worked. Never thought it would be that simpler. Jenny :)

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago











  • @Jenny Nice to hear. Anecdote: The Perl language also has an exec statement with the same behaviour and if you put some statements after an exec statement (like exec something; print "This won't run";) then Perl will warn you that the print statement will never get executed.

    – PerlDuck
    7 hours ago











  • BTW congrats on using && after cd, (if you don’t use set -e). I have seen Code like cd tmp; rm -rf * fail horrible

    – eckes
    5 hours ago

















  • Oh thanks! it worked. Never thought it would be that simpler. Jenny :)

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago











  • @Jenny Nice to hear. Anecdote: The Perl language also has an exec statement with the same behaviour and if you put some statements after an exec statement (like exec something; print "This won't run";) then Perl will warn you that the print statement will never get executed.

    – PerlDuck
    7 hours ago











  • BTW congrats on using && after cd, (if you don’t use set -e). I have seen Code like cd tmp; rm -rf * fail horrible

    – eckes
    5 hours ago
















Oh thanks! it worked. Never thought it would be that simpler. Jenny :)

– Jenny
7 hours ago





Oh thanks! it worked. Never thought it would be that simpler. Jenny :)

– Jenny
7 hours ago













@Jenny Nice to hear. Anecdote: The Perl language also has an exec statement with the same behaviour and if you put some statements after an exec statement (like exec something; print "This won't run";) then Perl will warn you that the print statement will never get executed.

– PerlDuck
7 hours ago





@Jenny Nice to hear. Anecdote: The Perl language also has an exec statement with the same behaviour and if you put some statements after an exec statement (like exec something; print "This won't run";) then Perl will warn you that the print statement will never get executed.

– PerlDuck
7 hours ago













BTW congrats on using && after cd, (if you don’t use set -e). I have seen Code like cd tmp; rm -rf * fail horrible

– eckes
5 hours ago





BTW congrats on using && after cd, (if you don’t use set -e). I have seen Code like cd tmp; rm -rf * fail horrible

– eckes
5 hours ago













8














From help exec:




exec: exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]
Replace the shell with the given command.

Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.
ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified,
any redirections take effect in the current shell.



The key word here is replace - if you exec bash from inside a script, no further script execution can occur.






share|improve this answer























  • Thanks! It works.

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago















8














From help exec:




exec: exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]
Replace the shell with the given command.

Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.
ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified,
any redirections take effect in the current shell.



The key word here is replace - if you exec bash from inside a script, no further script execution can occur.






share|improve this answer























  • Thanks! It works.

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago













8












8








8







From help exec:




exec: exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]
Replace the shell with the given command.

Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.
ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified,
any redirections take effect in the current shell.



The key word here is replace - if you exec bash from inside a script, no further script execution can occur.






share|improve this answer













From help exec:




exec: exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]
Replace the shell with the given command.

Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.
ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified,
any redirections take effect in the current shell.



The key word here is replace - if you exec bash from inside a script, no further script execution can occur.







share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered 7 hours ago









steeldriversteeldriver

69.2k11114185




69.2k11114185












  • Thanks! It works.

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago

















  • Thanks! It works.

    – Jenny
    7 hours ago
















Thanks! It works.

– Jenny
7 hours ago





Thanks! It works.

– Jenny
7 hours ago










Jenny is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.









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Jenny is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.












Jenny is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.











Jenny is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.














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